Effect of Cereal Contaminants on the Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Gut of Weanling Piglets
Keywords:
aristolochic acid, duodenum, ochratoxin A, pigAbstract
Cereals and cereals-based products are frequently contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA) and aristolochic acid (AA). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of OTA and AA on oxidative stress and inflammation in the swine intestine as major organ involved in the absorption of xenobiotics. Fifteen pigs were randomly distributed in 3 groups (control, OTA and AA) and were fed diets contaminated or not with 250 mg toxin/kg for 28 days. When compared with control group, consumption of a OTA and AA contaminated diet significantly increase the concentration of IL-1 beta and IL-8, as major cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. When compared with OTA intoxicated group, AA group has a higher concentration of IL-8 in the intestine. The exposure of piglets to AA significantly decrease the activity of enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response: CAT and GPx as well as the total antioxidant status. The consumption of the diets contaminated with OTA and AA increase in the lipid peroxidation, as showed by TBARS assay. In conclusion, our results have shown that at the intestine level, both OTA and AA induced inflammation and oxidative stress, AA having probably a more important inflammatory effect in the intestine.
References
Peraica, M., Domijan, A. M., Saric, M., Mycotoxic and aristolochic acid theories of the development of endemic nephropathy, Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 2008, 59, 59-65.
Turner, J. R., Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2009, 9, 799-809.
Li, T., Na, R., Yu, P., Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on immune and antioxidative function in beef cattle, Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 60, 38-44.
Ozbek, E., Induction of oxidative stress in kidney, International journal of nephrology, 2012, 465897.
Marin, D. E., Pistol, G. C., Gras, M. A., Palade, M. L., Taranu, I., Comparative effect of ochratoxin A on inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in gut and kidney of piglets. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2017, 89, 224-231.
Marin D. E., Braicu, C., Gras, M. A., Pistol, G. C., Petric, R. C., Berindan Neagoe, I., Palade, M., Taranu, I. Low level of ochratoxin A affects genome-wide expression in kidney of pig, Toxicon., 2017, 15, 136, 67-77.
Marin, D. E., Pistol, G. C., Neagoe, I. V., Calin, L., Taranu, I., Effects of zearalenone on oxidative stress and inflammation in weanling piglets., Food Chem Toxicol, 2013, 58, 408-415.
Galtier, P., Alvinerie, M., Charpenteau, J. L., The pharmacokinetic profiles of ochratoxin A in pigs, rabbits and chikens, Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 1981, 19, 735-742.
Anzai, K., Mayuzumi, S., Nakashima, T., Sato, H., Inaba, S., Park, J. Y., Kuwahara, N., Suzuki, R., Utsumi, N., Yokoyama, F., Ohfuku, Y., Ando, K., Comparison of groupings among members of the genus Aspergillus based on phylogeny and production of bioactive compounds. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2008, 72, 2199-2202.
Madhyastha, M. S., Marquardt, R. R., Frohlich, A. A., Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1992, 23, 468-472.
Grenier, B., Applegate, T. J., Modulation of intestinal functions following mycotoxin ingestion: meta-analysis of published experiments in animals, Toxins (Basel), 2013, 5, 396-430.
Lopez-Castejon, G., Brough, D., Understanding the mechanism of IL-1β secretion, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 2011, 22, 189-195.
Milićević, D. R., Škrinjar M., Baltić, T., Real and Perceived Risks for Mycotoxin Contamination in Foods and Feeds: Challenges for Food Safety Control, Toxins (Basel), 2010, 2, 572–592.
