Antioxidant Activity and Total Polyphenol Content of Medicinal Herbs with Adaptogenic Effect to Human Body
Keywords:
biological activity, flavonoids, phenolic acids, adaptogenic plantsAbstract
Nowadays, medicinal herbs with an adaptogenic effect to human body start be very popular not only in medicine but also in food industry due to the high amount of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid content of five plants with adaptogenic affect to human body: Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Lepidium meyenii Walp., Turnera diffusa Wild., Tribulus terrestris L. and Rhodiola rosea L. The antioxidant activity was detected by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum method, total polyphenol content with Folin – Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids content by aluminium chloride method and total phenolic acid content by Arnova reagent. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum method was determined in the sample of Rhodiola rosea L. (6.82 mg TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per g of sample and 315.37 mg TEAC per g). In this sample was also measured the highest content of total polyphenols (76.64 mg GAE – gallic acid equivalent per g of sample) and phenolic acid (25.10 mg CAE – caffeic acid equivalent per g of sample). Total flavonoid content (20.80 mg QE – quercetin equivalent per g of sample) was the highest in sample of Tribulus terrestris L. Results showed that medicinal herbs with adaptogenic effect are rich for polyphenol compounds with antioxidant activity and can be use more in food industry as functional food additives.
References
Chiang. H.M., Chen, H.Ch., Wuu, Ch.S., Wu, P.Y., WEn, K.Ch. Rhodiola plants: Chemistry and biological activity. Journal of Food Drug and Analyssis, 23, 2015, 359-369.
Singh, M.K., Jain, G., Das, B.K., Patil, U.K. Biomolecules from plants as an adaprogen. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2017, 6, 307.
Panossian, A., Wikman, G. Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 2010, 3, 188-224.
Tewar, N., Verma, L., Jawaid, T. Adaptogenic agents: A review. Journal of Biomedical Research, 5, 2011, 285-304.
Rehman, S.U., Choe, K., Yoo, H.H. Review on a traditional herbal medicine Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat ali): Its traditional uses, chemistry, evidence-based pharmacology and toxicology. Molecules, 21, 3-31.
Li, J., Chen, L., Li, J., Duan, Z., Zhu, S. Fan, L. The composition analysis of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) from Xinjiang and its antifatique activity. Hindawi Journal of Food Quality, 2017, 1-7.
Soriano-Melgar, L.A.A., Alcaraz-Melendez, L. Mendéz-Rodríguez, L.C., Puente, M.E., Rivera-Cabrera, F., Zenteno-Sauin, T. Antioxidant and trace element content of damiana (Turnera diffusa Wild.) under wild and cultivated conditions in semi-arid zones. Industrial Crops and Products, 2012, 37, 321-327.
Sailaja, K.V., Shivaranjani, V.L., Poornima, H., Rahamathulla, S.B., Devi, K.L. Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit aqueous extract on lipid profile and oxidative stress in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in male albino wistar rats. EXCLI Journal, 2013, 12, 373-383.
Darbinyan, V., Kteyan, A., Panossian, A., Gabrielian, E., Wikman, G., Wagner, H. Rhodiola rosea L. in stress induced fatique-a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a replaced low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine, 2000, 75, 365-371.
Sánchés-Moreno, C., Larrauri, A., Saura-Calixto, F. A procedure to measure the antioxidant afficiency of polyphenols. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture, 1998, 76, 270-276.
Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity throught the formation of a phospomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determitation of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 1999, 269, 337-341.
Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J. A. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic. phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Agricultural, 1965, 144-158
Willet, W.C. Balancing life-style and genomic research for disease prevention. Science, 2002, 292, 695-698.
Farmakopea Polska, 1999. The Polish Farmaceutical Society [online] s.a. [cit.2017-01-25] Available:http://www.ptfarm.pl/?pid=1&language=en
SAS 2009. Users Guide Version 9. 2. SAS/STAT (r) SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
Zhou, I,Q., Yin, Z.P., Ma, L., Zhao, W., Hao, H.W., Li, H.L. Free radical scavenging activities of oligomeric proanthocyanidin from Rhodiola rosea L. and its antioxidant affects in vivo. Natural Production and Research, 2014, 28, 2301-2303.
Wong-Paz, J.E., Contreras-Esquivel, J.C., Rodriguez-Herrera, R., Carrillo-Inunugazay, M.L., Lopez, I., Nevarez-Moorillón, G.V., Aquilar, C.N. Total phenolic content, in vivo antioxidant activity and chemical composition of plant extract from semiarid Mexican region. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2015, 104-111.
Sandoval, M., Okuhama, N.N., Angeles, F.M., Melchor, V.V., Condezo, J.L., Miller, M.J.S. Antioxidant activity of the cruciferous vegetable maca (Lepidium meyenii). Food Chemistry, 2002, 79, 207-213.
Zheleva-Dimitrova, D., Obreshkova, D., Nedialkov, P. Antioxidant activity of Tribulus terrestris – a natural product in infertility therapy. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012, 4, 508.
Kumar, R., Tayade, A., Chaurasia, O.P., Sunil, H., Singh, S.B. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and total phenol and flavonoid content of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rhidiola sp. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010, 2, 431-435.
Vangalapati, B., Manjrekar, P.A., Hegde, A. Total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood and Tribulus terrestris fruits: An in vivo comparative study. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2014, 8, 610-613.
Chai, T.T., Wong, F.Ch. Whole plant profiling of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging capacity of Turnera subulaca. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012, 6, 1730-1735.
Raj, K., Amol, T., Op, Ch., Hota, S., Bala, S.S. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and total phenol and flavonoid content of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rhodiola sp. PhcogNet, 2012, 2, 431-435.
Szewczyk, K., Zidorn, Ch. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passigloraceae) with a focus on damiana – Turnera diffusa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014, 152, 424-443
