Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile between Salmonella Spp., Salmonella Enterica Ser. Typhimurium and Enteritidis and Escherichia Coli Isolated from Rectal Swabs of Chicken
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance, chicken, Escherichia coli, rectal, Salmonella sppAbstract
The aim of this experiment was comparing of antibiotic resistance profile between Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from rectal swabs of chicken from conventional breeding. For the antibiotic susceptibility testing disk diffusion method was used. The both tested bacteria were exposed against thirteen antibiotics: ampicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, doripenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, amikacin, gentamycin, tygecycline, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. For the identification of these strains, we used Chromogenic coliform agar, Triple sugar iron agar and biochemical test (ENTEROtest 24). We identified Salmonella spp. by used MicroSEQ® Salmonella spp. Detection Kit for identification of this strain in Step ONE Real Time PCR. In this study, we determined that Salmonella spp. was more resistant like Escherichia coli. The highest resistance had isolates of Salmonella spp. to levofloxacin (100%) and to ofloxacin (100%). Also to ampicillin was resistance in Salmonella spp. isolates about 83%. Only in case of piperacillin was resistance in Salmonella spp. isolates lower (50%) like in Escherichia coli isolates (66.6%). The both strains were 100 % sensitive to doripenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin and tygecycline. Antibiotic resistance is a biological danger. Bacteria, which we study, are considered to reservoirs of resistant genes and they are facultative and obligate pathogens. If these pathogen bacteria cause diseases those these diseases are difficult to treat.
References
EFSA, Foodborne antimicrobial resistance as a biological hazard, Draft Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards (Question No EFSA– Q-2007- 089), Draft endorsed on 6 March, 2008.
Keyser, P., Elofson, M., Rosell, S., Wolf-Watz, H., Virulence blockers as alternatives to antibiotics: type III secretion inhibitors against Gram-negative bacteria, J. of Inter. Med. 264, 2008, pp. 17-29.
Buňková, L., Buňka, F., Doležálková, I., Kráčmar, S., Antibacterial effect of monocaprin, undecanoylglycerol and undecenoylglycerol, in: Proceding of the work of the International Scientific Conference of Food Safety and control in Nitra: SUA, 2009, pp. 45-48.
Bunková, L., Pleva, P., Buňka, F., Valášek, P., Kračmár, S., Antibacterial effect of commercially available phosphates on selected microorganisms, Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. 2008, 56, pp.1-6
Lado, B., Yousef, A., Alternative foodpreservation technologies: efficacy a mechanisms, Microb. Infect. 2002, 4, 433-440
Kharazmi, Y., Hammes, W.P., Hertell, C., Construction of a marker rescue system in Bacillus subtilis for detection of horizontal gene transfer in food, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2002, 25, 471-477
McMahon, M. A. S., Blair, I. S., Moore, J. E., Mc Dowell, D. E., The rate of horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistence plasmids is increased in food preservation-stressed bacteria, J. Appl. Microbiol. 2007, 10, 1883-1888
Mareček, J., Fikselová, M., Frančáková, H., Nutritional and technological value of selected edible potatoes during storage. Zeszyty problemowe postepow nauk rolniczych. Warszawa: Polska akademia nauk, 2008, 530,293-299
Fikselová, M., Šilhár, S., Mareček, J., Frančáková, H., Extraction of carrot (Daucus carota L.) carotenes inder different conditions. Czech J. Food Sci., 26, 2008, 4, 268-274
Bíreš, J., Current legislation in the field of milk hygiene. The Dairy, 2004, 35, 1, 33-35
Witte, W., Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science, 1998, 279, 996-997
Jackson, T. C., Marshall, D. L., Acuff, G. R., Dickson, J. S., Meat, poultry, and seafood. In Doyle, M.P., Beuchat, L.R., Montville, T.J. (Eds.), Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC, p. 91-109.
Davies, J., Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science, 1994, 264, 375-382
Sunde, M., Fossum, K., Solberg, A., Sørum, H., Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli of the normal intestinal flora of swine. Microbial Drug Resistance, 1998, 4, 289-299
Tannock, G. W., Normal Microflora. An Introduction to Microbes Inhabiting the Human Body, London: Chapman and Hall, 1995, pp. 37-47.
Threlfall, E. J., Cheasty, T., Graham, A., Rowe, B., Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a 6-year study of isolates from patients in England and Wales. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 1998, 9,201-205
Bongers, J. H., Franssen, F., Elbers, A. R. W., Tielen, M. J. M., Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from the faecal flora of veterinarians with different professional specialites. Veterinary Quarterly, 1995, 17, 146-149
London, N., Nijsten, R., Van Den Bogaard, A., Stobberingh, E., Carriage of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli healthy volunteers during a 15-week period. Infection, 1994, 22, 187-192
Nijsten, R., London, N., Van Den Bogaard, A., Stobberingh, E., Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples of pig farmers and pigs. Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1996, 37, 1131-1140
Adesiyun, A. A., Campbell, M., Kaminjolo, J. S., Prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens in pet dogs in Trinidad. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1997, B44, 19-27
Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., Mora, A., Blanco, J., Prevalence of bacterial resistance to quinolones and other antimicrobials among avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from septicemic and healthy chickens in Spain. Clinical microbiology, 1997, 35, 2184-2185
Mathew, A. G., Saxton, A. M., Upchurch, W. G., Chattin, S. E. Multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from swine farms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65, 2270-2272
Nijsten, R., London, N., Van Den Bogaard, A., Stobberingh, E., Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the faecal flora of fattening pigs. Veterinary Quarterly, 1993, 15, 152-156
Van Den Bogaard, A. E., Antimicrobial resistance. Relation to human and animal exposure to antibiotics. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1997, 40, 453-461
Chen, S., Zhao, S.H., White, D.G., Schroeder, C.M., Lu, R., Yang, H.C., McDermott, P.F., Ayers, S., Meng, J.H., Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from retail meats, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2004, 70, 1-7
Magistrali, C., Dionisi, A.M., Curtis, P.D., Cucco, L., Vischi, O., Scuota, S., Zicavo, A., Pezzotti, G., Contamination of Salmonella spp. in a pig finishing herd, from the arrival of the animals to the slaughterhouse, Res. Vet. Sci., 2008, 85, 204-207
White, D. G., Zhao, S. H., Simjee, S., Wagner, D. D., McDermott, PF., Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens, Microb. Infect., 2002, 4, 405-412
Mead, P. S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L. F., Bresee, J. S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P. M., Tauxe, R. V., Food-related illnessand death in the United States, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 1999, 5, 607-625
Gomez, T. M., Motarjemi, Y., Miyagawa, S., Kaferstein, F. K., Stohr, K., Foodborne salmonellosis, World Health Stat., 1997, 50, 81-89
Lee, L. A., Puhr, N. D., Maloney, E. K., Bean, N. H., Tauxe, R. V., Increase in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella infections in the United States, 1989–1990, J. Infect. Dis., 1994, 170, 128-134
Brands, D. A., Inman, A. E., Gerba, C. P., Maré, C. J., Billington, S. J., Saif, L. A., Levine, J. F., Joens, L. A., Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in oysters in the United States. Appl. Environ. Microb., 2005, 71, 893-897
Chao, G. X., Zhou, X. H., Jiao, X. N., Qian, X. Q., Xu, L., Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens isolated from food products in China, Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 2007, 4, 277-284
Gabor, M., Trakovicka, A., Miluchova, M., Analysis of polymorphism of CAST gene and CLPG gene in sheep by PCR-RFLP Metod. Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42, 470-476
Gabor, M., Trakovicka, A., Miluchova, M., Polymorphism of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase gene in Slovak Pinzgau cattle. Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42, 249-254
Miluchova, M., Trakovicka, A., Gabor, M., Analysis of polymorphism of Alpha S1 casein of Slovak Pinzgau cattle by PCR-RFLP. Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42, 284-287
Miluchova, M., Trakovicka, A., Gabor, M., Analysis of polymorphism of beta casein of Slovak Pinzgau cattle by PCR-RFLP for allels A1 and A2. Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42, 288-292
Rafayova, A., Lieskovská, Z., Trakovická, A., Kováčik, A., Detection of MSTN polymorphism in rabbit. Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42, 637-641
Rafayova, A., Trakovická, A., Parkányi, V.,. Kováčik, A., Detection of SRY of newborn rabbits ment for xenoimplantates Lucřari stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, 2009, 42,366-369
Gebreyes, W.A., Thakur, S., Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen from pigs and humans and potential interserovar transfer of antimicrobial resistance, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2005, 49, 503-511
Aabo, S., Anderson, J. K., Olsen, J. E., Detection of Salmonella in minced meat by the polymerase chain reaction methods, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1995, 21, 180-182
Kwang, J., Littledike, E. T., Keen, J. E., Use of the polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1996, 22, 46-51
Mahon, J., Murphy, C.K., Jones, P.W., Barrow, P.A., Comparison of multiplex PCR and standard bacteriological methods of detecting Salmonella on chicken skin, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1994, 19, 169-172
Soumet, C., Ermel, G., Salvat, G., Colin, P., Detection of Salmonella spp. in food products by polymerase chain reaction and hybridisation assay in microplate format, Lett. Appl. Microbiol.,1997, 24, 113-116
Hsu, S. C., Tsen, H. Y., PCR primers designed from malic dehydrogenase gene and their use for detection of Escherichia coli in water and milk samples. International Journal of Food Microbioogy, 2001, 64, 1-11
Eucast., Antimicrobial susceptibility testing – EUCAST disk diffusion method. Version 1.0, december 18, 2009. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Miranda, J. M., Guarddon, M., Vázquez, B. I., Fente, C. A., Barros-Velázquez, J., Cepeda, A., Franco, C.M., Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from organic chicken, conventional chicken and conventional turkey meat: A comparative survey. Food Control, 2008, 19, 412-416
Antunes, P., Re´u, C., Sousa, J. C., Peixe, L., & Pestana, N., Incidence of Salmonella from poultry products and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. International Journal of Food Microbiology,
, 82, 97-103
Cornican, M., Buckley, V., Corbett-Feeney, G., & Sheridan, F., Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from turkey and hens in Ireland. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001, 48, 587-588
Guerra, B., Junker, E., Schoeter, A., Malorny, B., Lehmann, S., & Helmuth, R., Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in German Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, swine and poultry. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001, 52, 489-492
Kijima-Tanaka, M., Ishihara, K., Morioka, A., Kojima, A., Ozono, T., et al, A national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals in Japan. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2003, 51, 447-451
Sa´enz, Y., Zarazaga, M., Brin˜ as, L., Lantero, M., Ruiz-Larrea, F., & Torres, C., Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from animals, foods and humans in Spain. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2001, 18, 353-358
Van den Bogaard, A. E., London, N., Driessen, C., & Stobberingh, E. E., Antibiotic resistance of faecal Escherichia coli in poultry, poultry farmers and poultry slaughterers. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001, 47, 763-771
Lira, W. M., Macedo, C., Marin, J. M., The incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle with mastitis in Brazil. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2004, 97, 861-866
Picozzi, C., Foschino, R., Heuvelink, A., Beumer, R., Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sorbitol-negative or slow-fermenting (suspected O157) Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples in Lombardy region. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2004, 40, 491-496
Caro, I., Mateo, J., Garci´A-Armesto, M. R., Phenotypical characteristics of Shigalike toxin Escherichia coli isolated from sheep dairy products. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 45, 2007, p.295–300.
Čížek, A., Dolejská, M., Novotná, R., Haas, D., Vyskočil, M. Survey of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and drug-resistant coliform bacteria from in-line milk filters on dairy farms in the Czech Republic. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, 104, 852–860
V. Kmeť, E., Piatnicová, Antibiotic resistance in commensal intestinal microflora, Folia Microbiol. 2010, 55, 332-335
V. Kmeť, M. Kmeťová, High level of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy chicken broilers, Folia Microbiol, 2010, 55, 79-82
Špánová, A., Rittich, B., Karpíšková, R., Čechová , L., Škapová, D., PCR identification of Salmonella cells in food and stool samples after immunomagnetic separation, Bioseparation, 2001, 9, 379-384
