Current Status and Perspectives of Mangalitsa Pig Breeding in Romania

Abstract

The present paper reports an applied study on the rearing of the indigenous Mangalitsa breed under the semi-free farm conditions of Pâncota, Arad County, a representative nucleus for the revitalization of this valuable genetic resource. The research focused on the morphological traits and reproductive performance of Mangalitsa sows and boars, emphasizing how management and feeding factors influence body development and productive yields. Experimental data were obtained through standardized body measurements (withers height, chest depth, body length, chest and shank girth) and by monitoring reproductive indices (number of piglets per farrowing, survival to weaning, growth rate). The study population comprised 100 sows and 10 boars, raised under semi-free conditions and fed a mixed diet based on cereals, vegetable by-products, fresh alfalfa, and locally available resources. The results show that Mangalitsa sows display a rustic conformation, with medium stature (65–75 cm) and a chest girth of 120–140 cm, parameters associated with good adaptation to extensive systems and a moderate reproductive capacity (5–6 piglets per farrowing). Their growth rate is slower compared with commercial breeds, with an average gain of about 10 kg per month, but this is offset by the superior meat quality, characterized by high marbling and premium gastronomic value. The study highlights the importance of the conservation and sustainable use of the Mangalitsa breed in the current context of organic farming and the growing demand for traditional products. The findings support the view that this breed can become a strategic component in diversifying Romania’s livestock production, while contributing to the preservation of indigenous genetic heritage and to sustainable rural development.